Nuclear weapons

Atomic bomb, nuclear weapons derive their explosive power from the fission (splitting) and fusion (combining) of atoms. Fusion devices need to be combined with a nuclear fission weapon to generate the intense heat necessary to begin the still more powerful process of fusion. Fusion weapons—the ‘H’ (hydrogen) bomb—can be a thousand times more powerful than fission weapons and these opened the horrific possibility of global destruction through nuclear missile war. Many early ‘fusion’ weapons were in fact ‘boosted fission devices’, gaining most of their power from the fission explosion with a fusion component to enhance its efficiency. Military requirements have also led to enhanced radiation/reduced blast weapons, the so-called ‘neutron bomb’, in which the immediate radiation is multiplied in order to kill troops rather than destroy installations.